The historic $13bn framework agreement that was struck between the us and australia in october 2025 will further boost australia’s onshore processing, separation and production capabilities. To achieve net zero emissions, australia requires a stable policy framework enabling all low emissions technologies to participate in competitive decarbonisation of the economy. While climate change and decarbonisation remain key concerns for australia’s mining sector, this year’s analysis shows a slight downward shift in how prominently these issues are being ranked as risks.