Domestic production and use: Rare earths were mined and processed domestically in 2024. An estimated 45,000 tons of reo in mineral concentrates were produced and were valued at $260 million.

Brazil trails the major producers, at roughly Ò€¦ Technologies that enable rare earth extraction from ionic adsorption clay deposits could significantly reduce capital intensity and waste generation, opening up new production opportunities in countries Ò€¦